Introduction to Sociolinguistic

Introduction to sociolinguistics

Regional Dialects

Simple definition : Regional dialect is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area. E.g: Cockney English, Northrumbian, New jersey, and Southern  English.

Social Dialects

Simple definition : Social Dialect is variety of a language spoken by a particular group based on social characteristic other than geography. E.g: In Europan _ American speakers, the absen of r in words such as bear is associated with high-status groups.

Regional Variation

Simple definition:  Regional variation refers to the area or geographical. Regional variation in way a language is spoken is likely to be one of the most noticeable way which observe variety in language.

Pidgin

Simple definition:  Pidgin is reduced language used by groups with no language in common who need to communicate for trade or other purposes.

Creole

Simple definition: Creole is a type of natural language that developed historically from pidgin and came into existence .

eg: Subject pronoun in Malay :                                                           I                           Gua

                                                                                                                You                      Lu

                                                                                                                He/She                 Dia

                                                                                                                We                       Kita orang

                                                                                                                They                    Dia orang

The differences between pidgin and creole are pidgin doesn’t have a native speaker and grammar development, it is contrast with creole that have a native speaker and grammatically system.

Codes

Simple definition: Codes is a set of conventions for converting one signalling system into another. The term is neutral any sistem of communication used, it’s mean codes is very useful.

Network and Repertories

Simple definition:  Network and Repertories is show that a person can be a part of speech communities. E.g: dense multiplex networks (networks), and linguistic variables used by speech community.

Tu and Vous

Simple definition: Tu and Vous is a word in French which is has the meaning You.

The differences are Tu = informal in used and Vous = formal in used.

The Ethnography of Speaking

Simple definition: The ethnography of speaking is the analysis of communication within the wider context of the social and cultural practices and beliefs of the member particular culture or speech community.

Cooperation Maxim

Cooperation Maxim divided into four that proposed by Paul Grice:

1.       Maxim of Quality

-          Supermaxims : Try to make your contribution one that is true.

-          Submaxims : Do not say what you believe to be false.

2.       Maxim of Quantity

-          Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

3.       Maxim of Relation : Be relevant.

4.       Maxim of Manner

-          Supermaxims : Be perspicuous

-          Submaxims : avoid ambiguity ( be clear ).